Linganisha mbinu

	EQ-5D	SF-12 Afya Survey	Utafiti wa Afya wa SF-36
Nyanja	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya	Upimaji wa Afya
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990	1996	1992
Mwanzilishi	EuroQol Group	John E. Ware Jr., Mark Kosinski, and Susan Keller	John E. Ware Jr. and Cathy D. Sherbourne
Aina	Generic preference-based health utility measure	Brief self-report health status instrument	Self-report health status instrument
Chanzo asilia	Rabin, R., & de Charro, F. (2001). EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol Group. Annals of Medicine, 33(5), 337–343.	Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34(3), 220–233.	Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992). The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30(6), 473–483.
Majina mbadala	EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol	SF-12v2, Medical Outcomes Study SF-12	SF-36 Questionnaire, Medical Outcomes Study SF-36
Zinazohusiana	5	4	5
Muhtasari	The EQ-5D is a standardized, preference-based health utility measure developed by the EuroQol Group in 1990. It combines a descriptive health profile (five dimensions, three or five response levels) with a visual analog scale to quantify overall health status. The instrument has become essential for health economics, clinical trials, and cost-effectiveness analysis worldwide.	The SF-12 is a brief, 12-item version of the SF-36 health survey developed by Ware, Kosinski, and Keller in 1996. Designed to reduce respondent burden while maintaining psychometric validity, it has become the standard instrument for large-scale surveys, epidemiological studies, and health outcomes research where administration time is critical.	The SF-36 is a generic, self-administered 36-item questionnaire measuring eight dimensions of health status. Developed by Ware and Sherbourne in 1992, it has become the most widely used health survey in clinical trials, outcomes research, and population health monitoring. It assesses perceived health across physical and mental domains relevant to the general adult population.