Linganisha mbinu

	Epigenome-Wide Association Study katika Utafiti wa Kielimu	Uchanganuzi wa Upatanishi
Nyanja	Bioinformatiki	Takwimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	EWAS framework ~2011; educational applications ~2017–present	1986
Mwanzilishi	Rakyan, Down, Balding, and Beck (framework); applied to educational outcomes by Marioni, McCartney, and collaborators	Baron & Kenny
Aina	Observational epigenomic association design	Indirect effects / path test
Chanzo asilia	Rakyan, V. K., Down, T. A., Balding, D. J., & Beck, S. (2011). Epigenome-wide association studies for common human diseases. Nature Reviews Genetics, 12(8), 529–541.	Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
Majina mbadala	EWAS of educational attainment, educational EWAS, epigenetic association study, EWAS	indirect effects analysis, path-based mediation, PROCESS macro mediation, Aracılık Analizi (Mediation / PROCESS)
Zinazohusiana	3	5
Muhtasari	An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) applied to educational research scans DNA methylation levels at hundreds of thousands of CpG sites across the genome to identify loci whose methylation is statistically associated with educational attainment, cognitive ability, or related learning outcomes. By linking blood- or saliva-derived methylation profiles with school records or psychometric scores, EWAS offers a molecular window into how biological and environmental exposures may shape educationally relevant traits across the lifespan.	Mediation analysis is a statistical procedure that tests whether the effect of an independent variable X on an outcome Y operates wholly or partly through a third variable M, called the mediator. Formalised by Baron and Kenny in 1986, it decomposes the total effect of X on Y into a direct path (c′) and an indirect path (a × b), quantifying how much of the relationship is carried by the mediating mechanism.