Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| EORTC QLQ-LC13: Ubora wa Maisha katika Saratani ya Mapafu× | Cancer Worry Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Onkolojia | Onkolojia |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1994 | 1991 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Bergman, B., et al. (EORTC Quality of Life Group) | Lerman, C., et al. |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Bergman, B., Aaronson, N. K., Ahmedzai, S., Kaasa, S., & Sullivan, M. (1994). The EORTC QLQ-LC13: a modular supplement to the EORTC core quality of life questionnaire (QLQ-C30) for use in lung cancer clinical trials. Eur J Cancer, 30A(5), 635–642. DOI ↗ | Lerman, C., Trock, B., Rimer, B. K., Jepson, C., Brody, D., & Boyce, A. (1991). Psychological side effects of breast cancer screening. Health Psychol, 10(1), 259–267. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | QLQ-LC13 | CWS |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The EORTC QLQ-LC13 is a 13-item lung-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire. Developed and validated by Bergman et al. in 1994, it measures lung-specific symptoms (dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain) and treatment toxicities (sore mouth, dysphagia). It is the standard lung cancer-specific QoL instrument in European and international trials. | The Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) is a brief 8-item instrument assessing the degree to which cancer-related worry interferes with daily functioning and emotional well-being. Developed by Lerman et al. in 1991, it quantifies cancer-related anxiety and distress—psychological burden distinct from symptom burden and functional impairment. It is widely used in cancer screening, treatment, and survivorship contexts to identify patients requiring psychological support. |
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