Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| EORTC QLQ-BR23: Ubora wa Maisha katika Saratani ya Matiti× | Cancer Worry Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Onkolojia | Onkolojia |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1996 | 1991 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Sprangers, M. A., et al. (EORTC Quality of Life Group) | Lerman, C., et al. |
| Aina | Self-report questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Sprangers, M. A., Groenvold, M., Arraras, J. I., Franklin, J., te Velde, A., Muller, M., et al. (1996). The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer breast cancer-specific quality-of-life questionnaire module: first results from a three-country field study. J Clin Oncol, 14(10), 2756–2768. DOI ↗ | Lerman, C., Trock, B., Rimer, B. K., Jepson, C., Brody, D., & Boyce, A. (1991). Psychological side effects of breast cancer screening. Health Psychol, 10(1), 259–267. DOI ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | QLQ-BR23 | CWS |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The EORTC QLQ-BR23 is a 23-item breast-cancer-specific module designed to complement the 30-item EORTC QLQ-C30 core questionnaire, assessing functional and symptom domains unique to breast cancer. Validated by Sprangers et al. in 1996, it measures body image, sexual function, breast symptoms, and arm symptoms, making it a standard instrument in European and international breast cancer clinical trials and quality-of-life research. | The Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) is a brief 8-item instrument assessing the degree to which cancer-related worry interferes with daily functioning and emotional well-being. Developed by Lerman et al. in 1991, it quantifies cancer-related anxiety and distress—psychological burden distinct from symptom burden and functional impairment. It is widely used in cancer screening, treatment, and survivorship contexts to identify patients requiring psychological support. |
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