Linganisha mbinu

	Tathmini ya Athari kwa Mazingira	Uchoraji wa kelele
Nyanja	Uhandisi wa Mazingira	Uhandisi wa Mazingira
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1970	1999
Mwanzilishi	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)	World Health Organization and ISO
Aina	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline	spatial assessment and modeling pipeline
Chanzo asilia	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910	International Organization for Standardization. (2008). ISO 13442:2008 Acoustics - Description, Measurement and Assessment of Environmental Noise in Relation to Human Exposure and Health.
Majina mbadala	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment	noise assessment, acoustic mapping, sound level modeling, environmental noise
Zinazohusiana	4	3
Muhtasari	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.	Noise mapping is an environmental assessment methodology that quantifies and visualizes sound levels spatially across a study area, enabling identification of noise-exposed populations, compliance with regulatory standards, and design of mitigation measures. Standardized by the European Directive 2002/49/EC and ISO 13442, noise mapping combines acoustic measurements, traffic/industrial source modeling, and geographic information systems (GIS) to create contour maps of sound exposure and associated health impacts.