Linganisha mbinu

	Miundo Mfumo wa Magonjwa Endemiki (SIS, SIRS, SIRV)	Namba ya Uzazi (R0 na Rt)
Nyanja	Epidemiolojia	Epidemiolojia
Familia	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	2000	1990
Mwanzilishi	Herbert Hethcote	Diekmann, Heesterbeek & Metz
Aina	Compartmental ODE model	Threshold parameter for epidemic spread
Chanzo asilia	Hethcote, H. W. (2000). The mathematics of infectious diseases. SIAM Review, 42(4), 599–653.	Diekmann, O., Heesterbeek, J. A. P., & Metz, J. A. J. (1990). On the definition and the computation of the basic reproduction ratio R0. Journal of Mathematical Biology, 28(4), 365–382.
Majina mbadala	SIS Model, SIRS Model, SIRV Model, Endemic Disease Models	Basic Reproduction Ratio, Effective Reproduction Number, Net Reproduction Number, Temel Üreme Sayısı
Zinazohusiana	3	2
Muhtasari	Endemic compartmental models extend the classical SIR framework to capture diseases that persist indefinitely in a population rather than burning out after a single epidemic wave. The SIS model allows recovered individuals to return to susceptibility immediately; SIRS introduces temporary immunity before loss; SIRV adds a vaccinated compartment. Together these models are foundational tools for studying diseases such as influenza, gonorrhea, and seasonal pathogens where reinfection or waning immunity is epidemiologically central.	The basic reproduction number R0 is the expected number of secondary infections produced by a single infectious individual introduced into a fully susceptible population. Formally defined and computationally grounded by Diekmann, Heesterbeek, and Metz in 1990 using the next-generation matrix approach, R0 serves as the central threshold parameter in mathematical epidemiology: if R0 > 1, an epidemic can establish itself; if R0 < 1, the outbreak dies out. The effective reproduction number Rt extends this to partially immune or partially susceptible populations over time.