Linganisha mbinu

	Mchoro wa Ellingham	Uchimbaji kwa njia ya umeme	Modeli wa Kiini Kinachokua
Nyanja	Uhandisi wa Madini	Uhandisi wa Madini	Uhandisi wa Madini
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1944	1890	1976
Mwanzilishi	Harold Jeffrey Torreyson Ellingham	Industrial Electrometallurgy Practice	Szekely, Evans, and Sohn
Aina	Gibbs free energy diagram for high-temperature reactions	Electrochemical metal extraction and purification	Reaction kinetics model for solid-fluid reactions
Chanzo asilia	Ellingham, H. J. T. (1944). Reducibility of oxides and sulfides. Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, 63(5), 125-160.	Habashi, F. (2011). Electrometallurgy: principles, processes and materials. Metallurgical Transactions, 29(7), 1569-1589.	Szekely, J., Evans, J. W., & Sohn, H. Y. (1976). Gas-solid reactions. Academic Press, New York.
Majina mbadala	Gibbs Free Energy Diagram, High-Temperature Reduction Diagram	Electrodeposition, Electrolytic Extraction	Shrinking Unreacted Core Model, SCM, Leaching Kinetics Model
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	The Ellingham Diagram, introduced by Harold Ellingham in 1944, is a graphical representation of the Gibbs free energy change for oxide formation and reduction as a function of temperature. It is an essential tool for predicting the thermodynamic feasibility of ore reduction and selecting appropriate reducing agents and temperatures for smelting and roasting operations.	Electrowinning is an electrochemical process that extracts and refines metals from dilute leaching solutions by passing electric current through an electrolytic cell. Metal ions migrate to the cathode (negative electrode) and are reduced to pure metal, while impurities remain in solution. This process is essential for copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, and gold refining, producing metals of exceptional purity.	The Shrinking Core Model, formalized by Szekely, Evans, and Sohn in 1976, describes the kinetics of chemical reactions between solid ore particles and surrounding fluids (leaching solutions, roasting gases). As the reaction proceeds from the particle surface inward, an unreacted core shrinks while products accumulate in a product layer. The model enables prediction of leaching times and optimization of hydrometallurgical processes.