Linganisha mbinu

	Electrospinning	Upimaji wa Pembe ya Mawasiliano	Uvimbe na Mvunjiko
Nyanja	Biomateriali	Biomateriali	Biomateriali
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1934	1805	1960
Mwanzilishi	Anton Formhals	Thomas Young	Wichterle and Lim
Aina	Fiber fabrication process	Wettability measurement	Kinetic assay
Chanzo asilia	Formhals, A. (1934). Process and apparatus for preparing artificial threads. U.S. Patent 1,975,504.	Young, T. (1805). An essay on the cohesion of fluids. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 95, 65-87.	Wichterle, O., & Lim, D. (1960). Hydrophilic gels for biological use. Nature, 185(4706), 117-118.
Majina mbadala	electrospun fiber production, electrostatic fiber spinning	sessile drop method, contact angle measurement, wettability analysis	hydrogel swelling, polymer degradation, mass loss assay
Zinazohusiana	3	3	4
Muhtasari	Electrospinning is an electrostatic fiber fabrication process that uses a high electric field to draw polymer solutions or melts into nanoscale fibers. Developed by Anton Formhals in the 1930s and refined by researchers including Darrell Reneker in the 1990s, the technique has become foundational to biomaterials engineering, enabling the creation of porous scaffolds for tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.	Contact angle goniometry is a technique for measuring the wettability of a solid surface by determining the angle at which a liquid droplet meets the surface. Rooted in Thomas Young's thermodynamic analysis from 1805, the method uses optical measurement of droplet profile to quantify surface energy and hydrophilicity. It is indispensable in biomaterials characterization, helping researchers assess whether a scaffold or implant surface will promote or inhibit cell adhesion, protein adsorption, and biointegration.	The swelling and degradation assay measures how biomaterial scaffolds absorb water (swelling) and lose mass over time due to degradation. Developed by Wichterle and Lim in 1960 for hydrogels, the assay is fundamental for characterizing hydrogels, synthetic polymers, and composite scaffolds intended for tissue engineering. The assay provides quantitative data on swelling kinetics (equilibrium water content, swelling ratio), degradation kinetics (mass loss rate, half-life), and mechanisms of degradation (chain scission, enzymatic breakdown).