Linganisha mbinu

	Uvuvi wa umeme	Telemita ya Akustiki	Sampuli ya Wanyama Wanaolengwa
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Mifugo	Sayansi ya Mifugo	Sayansi ya Mifugo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1950	1960	1974
Mwanzilishi	Fisheries Biologists	Fish Tracking Pioneer Community	Jeanne Altmann
Aina	Bioelectrical Sampling	Remote Monitoring Technology	Behavioral Sampling Protocol
Chanzo asilia	Paukert, C. P., & Willis, D. W. (2001). Electrofishing: sampling fish in small streams with respect to fish size, species, and rarity. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 16(1), 11-23.	Eiler, J. H. (2013). Acoustic telemetry. In C. R. Cooke & D. W. Philipp (Eds.), Telemetry Techniques and Technology (pp. 1-45). Springer.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.
Majina mbadala	electroshocking, electric netting, fish stunner	acoustic tracking, telemetry monitoring, underwater tracking	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	Electrofishing is a bioelectrical sampling technique in which electric current is applied to water to stun fish temporarily, allowing their capture for identification, measurement, and return to the stream. Developed in the 1950s and refined continuously, electrofishing is the standard method for inventorying fish communities in streams and small rivers, providing unbiased population estimates and species composition data.	Acoustic telemetry is a remote tracking method in which small electronic transmitters attached to or implanted in animals emit unique acoustic signals detectable by underwater or terrestrial receiver networks, enabling real-time monitoring of animal movements, positions, and behavior over extended distances and times. Pioneered in fisheries research in the 1960s, acoustic telemetry is now standard for studying movement ecology, migration timing, and habitat use in aquatic and increasingly terrestrial systems.	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.