Linganisha mbinu

	EDSS: Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale	MDS-UPDRS	MSFC: Kipimo Jumuishi cha Utendaji Kazi wa Sclerosis Nyingi	NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
Nyanja	Neurolojia	Neurolojia	Neurolojia	Neurolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1983	2008	1999	1989
Mwanzilishi	John F. Kurtzke	Christopher G. Goetz and Movement Disorder Society	Gary Cutter, Richard Rudick, and NMSS Consortium	Thomas Brott and NIH Stroke Study Group
Aina	Clinician-rated	Clinician-rated	Clinician-administered performance test	Clinician-rated
Chanzo asilia	Kurtzke, J. F. (1983). Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology, 33(11), 1444-1452.	Goetz, C. G., et al. (2008). Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Movement Disorders, 23(15), 2129-2170.	Cutter, G. R., Baier, M. L., Rudick, R. A., et al. (1999). Development of a multiple sclerosis functional composite as a clinical trial outcome measure. Multiple Sclerosis, 5(4), 244-250.	Brott, T., Adams, H. P., Olinger, C. P., et al. (1989). Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: A clinical examination scale. Stroke, 20(7), 864-870.
Majina mbadala	Expanded Disability Status Scale	UPDRS	MS Functional Composite	NIH Stroke Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	5	4	5
Muhtasari	The EDSS is the most widely used clinical disability rating scale in multiple sclerosis research and practice. Developed by John Kurtzke in 1983, it provides a 0-10 ordinal scale capturing disease severity across eight neurological functional systems and functional status. The EDSS remains the primary endpoint in MS clinical trials and longitudinal cohort studies, with decades of prognostic and comparative data worldwide.	The MDS-UPDRS is the gold-standard clinician-administered rating scale for assessing motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Developed by the Movement Disorder Society in 2008 to enhance the original UPDRS, it measures disease severity across daily living, motor function, and treatment complications. Used globally in clinical trials, longitudinal cohort studies, and routine neurological practice.	The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) is an objective, performance-based assessment of MS-related disability capturing three key functional domains: lower extremity mobility, upper extremity coordination, and cognitive/processing speed. Developed in 1999 by the National MS Society and adopted widely in clinical trials, the MSFC provides quantifiable endpoints complementing the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The three-component design addresses EDSS limitations by including cognition and standardizing measurement via timed tasks.	The NIHSS is the standard acute stroke severity assessment tool used in emergency departments, stroke centers, and clinical trials worldwide. Developed by the NIH Stroke Study Group in 1989, the 15-item scale provides rapid, reproducible quantification of acute neurological deficit from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. NIHSS scores inform thrombolytic and thrombectomy eligibility, predict outcomes, and serve as primary endpoint in stroke intervention trials.