Linganisha mbinu

	Upimaji wa Ekotoksikolojia	Tathmini ya Athari kwa Mazingira
Nyanja	Uhandisi wa Mazingira	Uhandisi wa Mazingira
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1975	1970
Mwanzilishi	EPA and OECD	U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Aina	experimental measurement and analysis pipeline	systematic assessment and decision-support pipeline
Chanzo asilia	OECD. (2011). Test Guidelines for Chemicals. OECD Publishing.	Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (2005). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment (3rd ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-0415303910
Majina mbadala	toxicity testing, aquatic bioassay, ecotoxicity assessment, organism exposure testing	EIA, impact assessment, environmental screening, cumulative effects assessment
Zinazohusiana	3	4
Muhtasari	Ecotoxicological testing is a suite of standardized laboratory and field methods to assess the toxicity of chemical substances to aquatic and terrestrial organisms (fish, invertebrates, algae, plants, soil fauna). Developed by regulatory agencies (OECD, EPA, EMEA) since the 1970s, these tests measure lethal concentration (LC50, EC50) and sublethal endpoints (growth, reproduction, behavior) under controlled conditions. Ecotoxicological data support chemical hazard classification, environmental risk assessment, and regulatory approval of new substances.	Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic, structured process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental and social consequences of proposed development projects (infrastructure, extraction, manufacturing) before implementation. Mandated by law in most jurisdictions since the 1970s (NEPA in USA, EU Directive 2011/92/EU), EIA integrates scientific analysis of air quality, water resources, biodiversity, noise, and socioeconomic effects with stakeholder consultation and decision-making frameworks to inform project approval, design modification, or rejection.