Linganisha mbinu

	Elder Abuse Suspicion Index	Groningen Frailty Indicator
Nyanja	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
Familia	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	2008	2004
Mwanzilishi	Mark J. Yaffe, Christina Wolfson, Maxine Lithwick, Deborah Weiss (McGill University)	Nardi Steverink, Joris P. J. Slaets, Hanneke Schuurmans (University of Groningen)
Aina	Brief physician-administered abuse suspicion screen	Self-report multidomain frailty screening questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Yaffe, M. J., Wolfson, C., Lithwick, M., & Weiss, D. (2008). Development and Validation of a Tool to Improve Physician Identification of Elder Abuse: The Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI). Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 20(3), 276-300.	Schuurmans, H., Steverink, N., Lindenberg, S., Frieswijk, N., & Slaets, J. P. J. (2004). Old or Frail: What Tells Us More? The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 59(9), M962-M965.
Majina mbadala	EASI, Elder Abuse Suspicion Index screen, EASI elder mistreatment screen	GFI, Groningen Frailty Index, GFI frailty screen
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Elder Abuse Suspicion Index (EASI) is a brief, six-item tool designed to help physicians and other clinicians raise — and act on — a suspicion of elder mistreatment among cognitively intact, community-dwelling older adults. Developed by Mark Yaffe and colleagues at McGill University and validated in a 2008 study, it consists of five questions asked of the patient (covering neglect and physical, psychological, financial, and sexual abuse) plus a sixth item recording the clinician's own observations. It takes under two minutes to administer. The EASI does not diagnose abuse; rather, a 'yes' on any of questions 2 through 6 signals that mistreatment may be present and that referral to social services, adult protective services, or further evaluation is warranted. It is one of the most widely used elder-abuse case-finding instruments in primary care.	The Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) is a brief 15-item self-report screening instrument that measures frailty across four domains: physical, cognitive, social, and psychological. Developed at the University of Groningen by Nardi Steverink, Joris Slaets, and colleagues around the turn of the millennium and characterized in Schuurmans and colleagues' 2004 study 'Old or Frail: What Tells Us More?', the GFI was designed to identify older people whose vulnerability is better captured by accumulated functional losses than by chronological age alone. Each domain contributes items scored so that the presence of a problem adds a point, producing a total of 0–15, with a score of 4 or higher commonly taken to indicate frailty. The GFI is widely used in Dutch and European primary care and oncology to flag older patients for fuller geriatric evaluation.