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| E-I Index× | Uchambuzi wa Mitandao ya Kijamii× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Sociology | Uchanganuzi wa Mitandao |
| Familia≠ | Process / pipeline | Machine learning |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1988 | 1934 (sociometry); 1994 (modern formalization) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | David Krackhardt & Robert Stern | Moreno, J.L.; formalized by Wasserman & Faust |
| Aina≠ | Index of the relative balance of between-group versus within-group ties | Structural/relational analysis framework |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Krackhardt, D., & Stern, R. N. (1988). Informal networks and organizational crises: An experimental simulation. Social Psychology Quarterly, 51(2), 123–140. DOI ↗ | Wasserman, S. & Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0-521-38707-1 |
| Majina mbadala | EI index, external-internal index, Krackhardt-Stern E-I ratio, E/I ratio | SNA, network analysis, sociometric analysis, relational analysis |
| Zinazohusiana | 5 | 5 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The external-internal (E-I) index, introduced by Krackhardt and Stern, measures the extent to which the ties of a group point outward to other groups versus inward to its own members. It is the number of between-group (external) ties minus the number of within-group (internal) ties, divided by the total number of ties. Ranging from −1 (all ties internal, perfect insularity) to +1 (all ties external), it is a compact summary of homophily and group closure that can be computed for a whole network, for each group, or for each node. | Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a structural method that maps and measures relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, or other entities modeled as nodes connected by ties (edges). Rather than focusing on individual attributes, SNA reveals how the pattern of connections shapes behavior, influence, information flow, and outcomes within a system. |
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