Linganisha mbinu

	Maswali ya Nijmegen ya Upumuaji Usio na Kazi	Maswali ya Upimaji wa Mfumo wa Upumuaji wa St. George
Nyanja	Pulmonolojia	Pulmonolojia
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1994	1991
Mwanzilishi	van Beveren and colleagues, Netherlands	Paul W. Jones, King's College London
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Van Beveren, T. L., Fülöp, M., van Beek, H. G., & Zijlstra, F. J. (1994). Hyperventilation and panic panic attacks in a group of asthma patients. Respiration, 61(5), 282-287.	Jones, P. W., Quirk, F. H., & Baveystock, C. M. (1991). The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire. Respiratory Medicine, 85(Suppl B), 25-31.
Majina mbadala	Nijmegen, Nijmegen Questionnaire, DBQ	SGRQ, St George's
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Nijmegen Questionnaire is a 16-item self-report instrument designed to identify dysfunctional breathing patterns, particularly hyperventilation syndrome, in patients presenting with respiratory or non-respiratory symptoms. Developed by van Beveren and colleagues in the Netherlands in 1994, it provides rapid assessment of symptoms attributable to chronic hyperventilation: dizziness, chest tightness, muscle tension, paresthesias, and anxiety. The Nijmegen Questionnaire is widely used in respiratory physiology clinics, pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and psychosomatic medicine to detect dysfunctional breathing phenotypes that may masquerade as asthma, anxiety disorders, or cardiopulmonary disease.	The SGRQ is a 76-item disease-specific quality-of-life instrument designed to measure health status in patients with chronic respiratory disease, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Developed by Jones and colleagues at King's College London in 1991, it has become the gold standard for assessing functional impact and symptom burden in respiratory populations. The SGRQ is widely used in clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and routine respiratory care to track changes in patient-reported outcomes.