Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Kina wa Sababu	eLORETA	Uchambuzi wa Matukio Yanayohusiana na Potenshali
Nyanja	Upigaji Picha wa Ubongo	Upigaji Picha wa Ubongo	Upigaji Picha wa Ubongo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2003	2002	1969
Mwanzilishi	Karl J. Friston	Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui	George Sutherland
Aina	Causal modeling pipeline for neuroimaging	EEG/MEG source localization algorithm	Time-locked EEG analysis pipeline
Chanzo asilia	Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003). Dynamic causal modelling. NeuroImage, 19(4), 1273–1302.	Pascual-Marqui, R. D. (2002). Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical details. Methods & Findings in Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, 24(S-D), 5–12.	Luck, S. J. (2005). An Introduction to the Event-Related Potential Technique. MIT Press.
Majina mbadala	DCM, Dynamic Causal Model	Exact LORETA, eLORETA source reconstruction	ERP, evoked potential, averaged EEG
Zinazohusiana	2	2	3
Muhtasari	Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) is a Bayesian framework for specifying and inverting generative models of brain connectivity from neuroimaging data. Introduced by Karl Friston and colleagues in 2003, DCM treats brain regions as dynamical systems and estimates effective connectivity by fitting observed fMRI time series to a biophysically plausible model of neuronal interactions.	Exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA) is a non-parametric solution to the inverse problem in EEG and MEG source localization. Developed by Roberto D. Pascual-Marqui in 2002, eLORETA reconstructs three-dimensional maps of electrical brain activity from scalp electrode recordings, offering zero localization error under ideal noise-free conditions.	Event-Related Potential (ERP) analysis is a method for extracting stereotyped brain electrical responses time-locked to stimulus presentation or behavioral events from EEG recordings. Formalized in the cognitive neuroscience literature by researchers including Sutherland and Picton, ERP analysis enables millisecond-level temporal resolution of neural processing and has become foundational for studying perception, attention, memory, and decision-making.