Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Ukusanyaji wa Hati× | Uchanganuzi wa Wigo× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja≠ | Metodolojia ya Dodoso | Utafiti wa Kimaelezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 19th–20th century historical methods; contemporary social-science codification c. 2000s | 1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Rooted in historical and social science traditions; systematized by Lindsay Prior and Glenn Bowen | Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell |
| Aina≠ | Qualitative / mixed data-collection technique | Method |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. DOI ↗ | Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala≠ | document analysis, documentary method, document review, secondary document analysis | DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 3 | 2 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Document collection is a systematic data-collection technique in which the researcher gathers and reviews existing written, visual, or digital records — such as reports, meeting minutes, policies, letters, photographs, or institutional records — as primary or supplementary evidence. It is widely used in qualitative, historical, and mixed-methods research and can stand alone or complement interviews and observation. | Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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