Linganisha mbinu

	Tathmini ya Programu Kulingana na Nyaraka	Uchambuzi wa Maudhui
Nyanja	Mbinu za Uwandani	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960s–1970s (program evaluation field); document review as formal strategy codified in 1980s–1990s	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018
Mwanzilishi	Daniel Stufflebeam; Peter Rossi and Howard Freeman (systematic program evaluation tradition)	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research
Aina	Evaluation research design	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique
Chanzo asilia	Stufflebeam, D. L., & Shinkfield, A. J. (2007). Evaluation Theory, Models, and Applications. Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 978-0787908331	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661
Majina mbadala	documentary program evaluation, records-based evaluation, document review evaluation, archival program evaluation	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Document-based program evaluation is a systematic approach to assessing a program's design, implementation, and outcomes using existing documentary evidence — such as policy statements, implementation reports, budgets, meeting minutes, and program artifacts — rather than primary data collection through interviews or observation. It is particularly suited to retrospective evaluations, accountability reviews, and contexts where direct fieldwork is impractical or infeasible.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.