Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Utambuzi	Kipimo cha T² cha Hotelling	Uchanganuzi wa Vigezo Nyingi wa Kawaida (MANOVA)
Nyanja	Takwimu	Takwimu	Takwimu
Familia	Latent structure	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Mwaka wa asili	1936	1931	1932
Mwanzilishi	Ronald A. Fisher	Harold Hotelling	Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.)
Aina	Supervised classification and dimension reduction	Multivariate parametric mean comparison	Parametric multivariate mean comparison
Chanzo asilia	Fisher, R. A. (1936). The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of Eugenics, 7(2), 179–188.	Hotelling, H. (1931). The Generalization of Student's Ratio. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 2(3), 360–378.	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574
Majina mbadala	LDA, Fisher discriminant analysis, discriminant function analysis, canonical discriminant analysis	Hotelling T² Testi — Çok Değişkenli t-Testi, multivariate t-test, Hotelling T-squared	Multivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA)
Zinazohusiana	4	6	5
Muhtasari	Discriminant analysis finds linear combinations of predictor variables that best separate two or more known groups. It is used both to understand which predictors distinguish the groups and to classify new observations into those groups with minimum error.	Hotelling's T² test is a multivariate parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares the mean vectors of two independent groups across multiple continuous outcome variables. It was introduced by Harold Hotelling in 1931 as the direct multivariate generalization of Student's t-test, replacing the scalar mean difference with a vector difference scaled by the pooled variance-covariance matrix.	MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932.