Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Tathmini ya Ulemavu	Kiwango cha Ushiriki
Nyanja	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji	Sayansi ya Urekebishaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1982	2006
Mwanzilishi	Rappaport, Hall, Hopkins, Belleza, Cope	van Brakel, Officer, Nicol
Aina	Clinician-rated	Self-report or Interview
Chanzo asilia	Rappaport, M., Hall, K. M., Hopkins, K., Belleza, T., & Cope, D. N. (1982). Disability rating scale for severe head trauma: Relation to rehabilitation outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 63(3), 118–123.	van Brakel, W. H., Officer, A., & Nicol, M. (2020). Handbook of Disability and Health Equity: Toward Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Frontiers Media. Chapter: Participation.
Majina mbadala	DRS, Rappaport DRS	P-Scale, Participation Scale (van Brakel)
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Disability Rating Scale (DRS) is a brief, clinician-administered measure specifically designed to assess the severity of disability and functional recovery across the entire spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI)—from acute coma to community reintegration. Developed by Rappaport and colleagues in 1982, DRS has become a standard outcome measure in TBI research and clinical practice, uniquely spanning acute (comatose) phases through chronic community outcomes where other measures fail.	The Participation Scale (P-Scale) is a brief, 8-item measure designed to assess restrictions in participation across social and occupational roles in people with chronic conditions or disabilities. Developed by van Brakel and colleagues, the P-Scale is widely used in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings and in global health research where conciseness and cross-cultural applicability are essential. It offers a quick, validated snapshot of how much a condition limits a person's engagement in work, self-care, communication, and social participation.