Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Ustawi wa Kidijitali	Kiwango cha Matatizo ya Mitandao ya Kijamii
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Mitandao ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2022	2016
Mwanzilishi	Isabel Pinto de Azevedo, Bárbara Marques, and José Mata	Roos J. J. M. van den Eijnden, Jeroen S. Lemmens, and Patti M. Valkenburg
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Azevedo, I. P., Marques, B., & Mata, J. (2022). Development and psychometric evaluation of a digital wellbeing scale. Telematics and Informatics, 67, 101765.	van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 481–490.
Majina mbadala	DWS, Digital Health	SMD Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Digital Wellbeing Scale is a multidimensional self-report instrument that assesses positive and negative aspects of technology use, capturing not just problematic behaviors but also digital resources supporting wellbeing. Developed by Azevedo and colleagues in 2022, this scale recognizes that digital engagement exists on a spectrum from harmful to beneficial, and measures protective factors alongside risk factors.	The Social Media Disorder Scale (SMD Scale) is a 9-item self-report measure developed by van den Eijnden and colleagues in 2016 to assess problematic social media use characterized by loss of control, withdrawal, tolerance, and conflict—mirroring criteria from behavioral addiction frameworks. It identifies individuals whose engagement with social media platforms has reached clinically concerning levels that interfere with daily functioning.