Linganisha mbinu

	Uchambuzi wa Taswira Dijitali	Ethnografiya ya kidijitali	Uchanganuzi wa Wigo
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s	Late 1990s – 2000s	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)
Mwanzilishi	Gillian Rose; Sarah Pink (digital extension)	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell
Aina	Qualitative analytical approach	Qualitative research method	Method
Chanzo asilia	Rose, G. (2016). Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to Researching with Visual Materials (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1473902176	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.
Majina mbadala	DVA, digital image analysis, online visual analysis, digital visual research	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	6	2
Muhtasari	Digital visual analysis is a qualitative approach for systematically examining visual materials that originate in, circulate through, or are consumed within digital environments — including social media images, video content, screenshots, memes, infographics, and online multimodal texts. Drawing on visual methodologies and digital research methods, it attends not only to what images depict but also to how they are produced, shared, and interpreted within specific digital platforms and social contexts.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.