Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti wa Kisomo cha Dijitali cha Nyingi	Netnografia
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1984 (Yin's case study framework); digital adaptation ~2000s–2010s	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
Mwanzilishi	Robert K. Yin (case study methodology); extended to digital contexts by various digital methods scholars	Robert V. Kozinets
Aina	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
Majina mbadala	online multiple case study, digital multi-site case study, virtual multiple case study, digital comparative case inquiry	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Digital Multiple Case Study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded digital cases — such as online communities, social media platforms, virtual organizations, or digital ecosystems — are studied in depth and then compared systematically. Grounded in Yin's case study methodology and adapted for digital settings, the approach combines the contextual richness of single-case inquiry with the analytic leverage of cross-case comparison in online environments.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.