Linganisha mbinu

	Dialectometry	Glottochronology	Urejebishaji wa Ndani
Nyanja	Isimu	Isimu	Isimu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1973	1950	1891
Mwanzilishi	Jean Seguy	Morris Swadesh	Henry Heffner Hock
Aina	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline	Empirical process pipeline
Chanzo asilia	Seguy, J. (1973). La dialectométrie dans l'étude de l'espace linguistique. Revue de Linguistique Romane, 37, 1-24.	Swadesh, M. (1950). Salish internal relationships. International Journal of American Linguistics, 16(3), 157-167.	Hock, H. H. (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (2nd ed.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Majina mbadala	Linguistic Distance Measurement, Quantitative Dialect Analysis	Lexicostatistics, Glottochronological Dating	Interlingual Reconstruction, Diachronic Morphology
Zinazohusiana	1	2	3
Muhtasari	Dialectometry is a quantitative method for measuring linguistic distances between dialects or languages using objective metrics applied to phonological, lexical, or phonetic data. Pioneered by Jean Seguy in 1973, dialectometry compares word lists, pronunciations, or phonetic transcriptions across speech varieties to calculate similarity scores. The resulting distance matrices and dendrograms reveal patterns of dialect relatedness and geographic or social clustering. This method complements traditional dialectology and contributes to historical linguistics and sociolinguistics.	Glottochronology, or lexicostatistics, is a quantitative method in historical linguistics that estimates the time of divergence between related languages based on the proportion of shared cognates in their basic vocabularies. Developed by Morris Swadesh in 1950, the method assumes that core vocabulary items change at a relatively constant rate over time, allowing linguists to calculate a 'time depth'—how long ago two languages shared a common ancestor. Though controversial due to its restrictive assumptions, glottochronology provides rough temporal estimates when archaeological or written records are unavailable.	Internal Reconstruction is a historical linguistic method that reconstructs earlier stages of a single language by identifying internal inconsistencies, morphological irregularities, and distributional patterns within the language itself. Unlike the Comparative Method, which relies on comparing related languages, Internal Reconstruction uses evidence from within one language—such as suppletive forms, analogy-induced irregularities, and phonological asymmetries—to infer its historical structure and sound changes. This method is particularly valuable when only one written form of a language survives or when related languages are unavailable.