Linganisha mbinu

	Uchaguzi wa Kesi Zinazotofautiana	Utafiti wa kifani
Nyanja	Metodolojia ya Dodoso	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990	1984 (seminal codification)
Mwanzilishi	Michael Quinn Patton	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)
Aina	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy	Qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761919711	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169
Majina mbadala	extreme case sampling, outlier sampling, negative case sampling, deviant-case selection	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	Deviant case sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher intentionally selects cases that are unusual, exceptional, or markedly different from the norm — outliers, extreme successes, or conspicuous failures. The goal is not statistical representation but deep learning from cases that illuminate the boundaries of a phenomenon, challenge prevailing assumptions, or reveal processes that typical cases obscure.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.