Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Hofu ya Meno Iliyorekebishwa (MDAS)	Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP)
Nyanja	Tiba ya Meno	Tiba ya Meno
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	2007
Mwanzilishi	Gerry M. Humphris et al.	Herenia L. Broder et al.
Aina	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report and caregiver-report questionnaire
Chanzo asilia	Humphris, G. M., Morrison, T., & Lindsay, S. J. (1995). The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale: validation and United Kingdom norms. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 23(6), 326-330.	Broder, H. L., McGrath, C., & Cisneros, G. J. (2007). Questionnaire development: Face validity and item impact testing of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 35(Suppl 1), 8-19.
Majina mbadala	MDAS, Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS)	COHIP, Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP)
Zinazohusiana	2	3
Muhtasari	The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is a brief 5-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety anticipation and response to common dental situations. Developed by Humphris and colleagues in 1995 as a refinement of prior instruments, the MDAS has become the gold standard for rapid dental anxiety screening in clinical practice and research. Its brevity, psychometric rigor, and clinical utility have made it the most frequently used measure of dental anxiety internationally.	The Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) is a 34-item instrument measuring oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents aged 6-14 years. Developed by Broder and colleagues and refined through the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the COHIP captures developmental and age-appropriate impacts of oral conditions (caries, malocclusion, traumatic injury) on children's functional well-being, emotional state, and social participation. The COHIP is the paediatric equivalent of OHIP-14 and has become the standard measure for child-centred outcomes in paediatric dental research.