Linganisha mbinu

	Tamko la Helsinki	Ripoti ya Belmont
Nyanja	Maadili ya Utafiti	Maadili ya Utafiti
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1964	1979
Mwanzilishi	World Medical Association (WMA)	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (US DHEW)
Aina	Framework	Framework
Chanzo asilia	World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191–2194.	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Majina mbadala	DoH, Helsinki Declaration	Belmont Principles, Three Ethical Principles
Zinazohusiana	4	5
Muhtasari	The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) is the foundational international ethical code for medical research involving human subjects, established by the World Medical Association. It extended earlier principles (Nuremberg Code 1947) to include therapeutic research and formalized the physician's ethical duty to prioritize subject welfare. Updated nine times through 2013, it remains the standard adopted by major medical journals, research ethics committees, and regulatory bodies worldwide.	The Belmont Report (1979) is the foundational US ethical framework for human subjects research, established by the National Commission following the Tuskegee Syphilis Study scandal. It articulates three core principles—Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice—that form the basis for institutional review and regulatory oversight of human research globally. Every researcher conducting human studies must understand and apply these principles.