Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Mgogoro wa Uamuzi	Kiwango cha Mapendeleo ya Udhibiti
Nyanja	Huduma Inayomlenga Mgonjwa	Huduma Inayomlenga Mgonjwa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	1997
Mwanzilishi	Annette O'Connor	Lois Degner
Aina	Patient-reported	Patient-reported
Chanzo asilia	O'Connor, A. M. (1995). Validation of a decisional conflict scale. Medical Decision Making, 15(1), 25-30.	Degner, L. F., Sloan, J. A., & Venkatesh, P. (1997). The Control Preferences Scale. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 29(3), 21-43.
Majina mbadala	DCS-16, Decisional Conflict Inventory	Desired Role in Decision Making, Decision Role Preference
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) is a 16-item self-reported outcome measure that quantifies the degree of uncertainty, value ambivalence, and decision distress experienced by patients facing healthcare choices. Developed by Annette O'Connor in 1995, the DCS assesses five core domains: personal uncertainty, understanding of options and outcomes, clarity of personal values, perceived social support, and confidence in making the decision. It has become the gold standard for measuring decisional conflict in healthcare research and clinical trials of decision support interventions.	The Control Preferences Scale (CPS) is a five-item measure that assesses a patient's preferred role in healthcare decision making, ranging from a passive (physician-directed) to active (patient-directed) or shared approach. Developed by Lois Degner and colleagues in 1997, the CPS measures the degree of control patients wish to exercise in treatment decisions: whether they prefer to leave decisions to the clinician, collaborate with the clinician, or make the final decision themselves. The scale is widely used to understand patient preferences for decision-making involvement and to evaluate the alignment between preferred and actual roles.