Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Mfadhaiko, Wasiwasi na Msongo-21 (DASS-21)	Kiwango cha Afya kwa Ujumla-12 (GHQ-12)	Kipimo cha Tathmini ya Wasiwasi cha Hamilton (HAM-A)
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kliniki	Saikolojia ya Kliniki	Saikolojia ya Kliniki
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	1992	1959
Mwanzilishi	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	David P. Goldberg	Max Hamilton
Aina	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Psychiatric symptom screening	Clinician-administered anxiety assessment
Chanzo asilia	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55.
Majina mbadala	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	GHQ-12, GHQ	HAM-A, HARS
Zinazohusiana	5	5	5
Muhtasari	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items.