Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Thamani za Kitamaduni	Kiwango cha Rasismi ya Kisasa
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2002	1986
Mwanzilishi	Daphna Oyserman	John B. McConahay
Aina	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
Chanzo asilia	Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72.	McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism (pp. 91–125). Academic Press.
Majina mbadala	CVS	MRS
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Cultural Values Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess individual endorsement of cultural values spanning individualism and collectivism. Developed within the cross-cultural psychology literature, the scale captures how individuals prioritize personal autonomy, achievement, and self-expression against group harmony, interdependence, and collective well-being. It has become a standard tool for understanding cultural orientation in diverse populations.	The Modern Racism Scale (MRS) is a 7-item self-report measure developed by John B. McConahay in 1986 to assess subtle, contemporary forms of racial prejudice. Rather than measuring overt hostility, the MRS captures attitudes reflecting the belief that discrimination no longer exists and that racial minorities make illegitimate demands. The scale addresses limitations of earlier instruments by focusing on modern manifestations of racial bias.