Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Thamani za Kitamaduni	Kiwango cha Ukoloni-Uindividualisti
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2002	1994
Mwanzilishi	Daphna Oyserman	Theodore M. Singelis and Hazel R. Markus
Aina	Self-report Likert scale	Self-report Likert scale
Chanzo asilia	Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72.	Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580–591.
Majina mbadala	CVS	C-I Scale
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Cultural Values Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess individual endorsement of cultural values spanning individualism and collectivism. Developed within the cross-cultural psychology literature, the scale captures how individuals prioritize personal autonomy, achievement, and self-expression against group harmony, interdependence, and collective well-being. It has become a standard tool for understanding cultural orientation in diverse populations.	The Collectivism-Individualism Scale is a self-report measure designed to assess individual differences in independent versus interdependent self-construal and cultural orientation toward individualism and collectivism. Developed by Singelis (1994) and refined through subsequent research by Triandis and colleagues, the scale operationalizes self-concept dimensions as independent (autonomous, unique) or interdependent (connected, embedded in relationships). It has become a fundamental tool for cross-cultural psychology research.