Linganisha mbinu

	Kikokotoo cha Utambuzi wa Tatizo la Matumizi ya Bangi	Kipimo cha DUDIT (Drug Use Disorders Identification Test)	Kifaa cha Hatari ya Opioidi (ORT)	Kiwango cha Ukali wa Utegemezi wa Pombe (SADQ)
Nyanja	Tiba ya Uraibu	Tiba ya Uraibu	Tiba ya Uraibu	Tiba ya Uraibu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2010	2005	2005	1979
Mwanzilishi	Adamson, Kay-Lambkin, Baker, Lewin, Thornton, Kelly, Sellman	Berman, Bergman, Palmstierna, Schlyter	Webster, Webster	Stockwell, Murphy, Hodgson
Aina	Self-report	Self-report	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Adamson, S. J., Kay-Lambkin, F. J., Baker, A. L., Lewin, T. J., Thornton, L., Kelly, B. J., & Sellman, J. D. (2010). An improved brief screening instrument for cannabis use disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110(1–2), 55–60.	Berman, A. H., Bergman, H., Palmstierna, T., & Schlyter, F. (2005). Evaluation of the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) in criminal justice and detoxification settings and in a Swedish population sample. European Addiction Research, 11(1), 22–31.	Webster, L. R., & Webster, R. M. (2005). Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: preliminary validation of the Opioid Risk Tool. Pain Medicine, 6(6), 432–442.	Stockwell, T., Murphy, D., & Hodgson, R. (1983). The Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire: Its use, reliability and validity. British Journal of Addiction, 78(2), 145–155.
Majina mbadala	CUDIT-R, CUDIT	DUDIT	ORT	SADQ
Zinazohusiana	4	4	4	4
Muhtasari	The CUDIT-R is a brief, 8-item self-report screening instrument developed to identify cannabis use disorder and hazardous cannabis use patterns. Introduced by Adamson and colleagues in 2010 as a revision of the original CUDIT, the CUDIT-R improves brevity and screening efficiency while maintaining strong psychometric properties. It is designed for use in primary care, addiction treatment, and public health settings to detect problematic cannabis use and inform treatment allocation decisions.	The DUDIT is a brief, gender-sensitive screening instrument designed to identify individuals with harmful or hazardous drug use patterns across a wide range of substances. Developed by Berman and colleagues in 2005, it serves as a primary care and public health screening tool to detect drug-related problems before they escalate to dependence or disorder. The DUDIT is freely available and has been validated in multiple languages and settings.	The ORT is a brief, 10-item self-report screening instrument designed to identify patients at elevated risk for opioid misuse, addiction, or aberrant drug-related behaviors prior to initiating opioid therapy. Developed by Webster and Webster in 2005, it stratifies patients into low, moderate, and high risk categories based on personal and family history of substance abuse, psychiatric comorbidity, and psychosocial factors. The ORT is widely used in pain management and primary care settings to guide shared decision-making and risk mitigation strategies when prescribing opioids.	The SADQ is a 20-item self-report instrument that measures the severity of alcohol dependence on a continuum from mild to severe. Developed by Stockwell and colleagues in 1979, it quantifies physical withdrawal symptoms, psychological dependence, and behavioral indicators of dependence to guide treatment intensity and medical management decisions. The SADQ remains a widely used assessment tool in addiction medicine and alcohol treatment settings.