Linganisha mbinu

	Kipimo cha Crowne-Marlowe cha Kuhitajika Kijamii	Kiwango cha Kujithamini cha Rosenberg
Nyanja	Saikolojia ya Kijamii	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1960	1965
Mwanzilishi	Douglas Crowne and David Marlowe	Morris Rosenberg
Aina	Social desirability response bias measurement	Self-esteem assessment scale
Chanzo asilia	Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349–354.	Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0-691-09675-5
Majina mbadala	CMSD, Crowne-Marlowe Scale, Social Desirability Scale	RSES, Rosenberg Scale, Self-Esteem Scale
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale (CMSD) is a 33-item self-report measure designed to assess the tendency to present oneself favorably in social contexts, independent of psychopathology. Developed by Douglas Crowne and David Marlowe in 1960, the CMSD measures impression management and social desirability bias—tendencies that confound responses to personality, health, and behavioral questionnaires. The scale has become the standard reference instrument for detecting and controlling social desirability effects in psychological research.	The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is a 10-item unidimensional instrument designed to measure global self-esteem in adolescents and adults. Developed by Morris Rosenberg in 1965, the RSES is one of the most widely used and shortest self-esteem measures in social and clinical psychology research. Its brevity, ease of administration, and robust psychometric properties have made it a standard reference point for self-esteem assessment across cultures and clinical populations.