Linganisha mbinu

	Uchunguzi Simulizi wa Kina	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara Muhimu
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1990s–2000s	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
Mwanzilishi	Synthesises D. Jean Clandinin & F. Michael Connelly (narrative inquiry) with critical theory traditions (Kincheloe, McLaren, hooks)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
Aina	Critical qualitative research approach	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research. Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 978-0787943999	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
Majina mbadala	CNI, critical narrative research, critical narrative analysis, narrative inquiry with critical lens	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Critical narrative inquiry is a qualitative research approach that collects and analyses personal stories to expose how social structures, power relations, and systemic inequities shape individual experience. It merges the interpretive richness of narrative inquiry with the emancipatory commitments of critical theory, asking not only what happened in a life but also why — and whose interests are served by dominant stories remaining untold or unquestioned.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.