Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Uchambuzi muhimu wa kiufenomenolojia× | Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara Muhimu× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Mbinu za Kimaelezo | Mbinu za Kimaelezo |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 1996 (IPA); critical variant explicitly theorised in the 2000s–2010s | Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995) |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Jonathan A. Smith (IPA); critical extension developed within the IPA tradition by Smith, Flowers, Larkin and associated scholars | Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak |
| Aina≠ | Qualitative research design and analytic approach | Qualitative research method |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-1412908344 | Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | Critical IPA, CIPA, critical-lens IPA, critical interpretive phenomenology | CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis |
| Zinazohusiana≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Muhtasari≠ | Critical Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Critical IPA) is a qualitative approach that combines the double-hermeneutic interpretive work of standard IPA with an explicit critical lens, examining not only how participants make sense of their experience but also how power, social structures, ideology, and systemic inequalities shape that experience. It retains the ideographic, person-centred rigour of IPA while asking whose interests are served and what is silenced or constrained. | Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions. |
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