Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara Muhimu	Uchambuzi wa Maudhui wa Kiasi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)	1980
Mwanzilishi	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak	Klaus Krippendorff; refined by Margrit Schreier
Aina	Qualitative research method	Method
Chanzo asilia	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.	Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications.
Majina mbadala	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis	Content Analysis, Categorical Content Analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	2
Muhtasari	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.	Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) is a systematic, inductive method for analyzing textual or visual data by identifying and categorizing meaning units into content categories. Developed and formalized by Klaus Krippendorff (1980), QCA can be purely qualitative (inductive, exploratory) or combined with quantitative counting; it analyzes manifest content (explicit, surface meanings) and latent content (underlying, interpretive meanings).