Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Kesi Muhimu	Uchanganuzi wa Kiutamaduni (Critical Ethnography)
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1980s–2006 (formalized)	Late 20th century (~1980s–1993 systematisation)
Mwanzilishi	Bent Flyvbjerg (formalized); Robert K. Yin (case study typology)	Jim Thomas (systematised); rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory (Adorno, Horkheimer) and feminist/postcolonial traditions
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245.	Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Sage Publications.
Majina mbadala	critical case, strategic case study, critical-instance case study, paradigmatic case study	critical ethnographic research, critical qualitative ethnography, advocacy ethnography, emancipatory ethnography
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	A critical case study is a case study design in which the researcher deliberately selects a case that is strategically important for testing, confirming, challenging, or extending an existing proposition, theory, or policy claim. Rather than choosing a typical or representative case, the researcher argues that if the finding holds here — in this most-likely, least-likely, or paradigmatic instance — it can reasonably be expected to hold more broadly. This purposive logic transforms a single case into a powerful analytical tool.	Critical ethnography is a qualitative research approach that combines sustained fieldwork immersion with explicit critical theory to examine how power, inequality, and ideology shape the lived experiences of marginalised communities. Unlike conventional ethnography, which aims to describe a culture as it is, critical ethnography commits the researcher to questioning what is taken for granted and to producing knowledge that can serve as a resource for social change. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory and expanded through feminist, postcolonial, and race-critical traditions, it treats the research process itself as a political act.