Linganisha mbinu

	Uchanganuzi wa Kesi Muhimu	Uchanganuzi wa Mihadhara Muhimu
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1980s–2006 (formalized)	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
Mwanzilishi	Bent Flyvbjerg (formalized); Robert K. Yin (case study typology)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
Aina	Qualitative research design	Qualitative research method
Chanzo asilia	Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219–245.	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
Majina mbadala	critical case, strategic case study, critical-instance case study, paradigmatic case study	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	A critical case study is a case study design in which the researcher deliberately selects a case that is strategically important for testing, confirming, challenging, or extending an existing proposition, theory, or policy claim. Rather than choosing a typical or representative case, the researcher argues that if the finding holds here — in this most-likely, least-likely, or paradigmatic instance — it can reasonably be expected to hold more broadly. This purposive logic transforms a single case into a powerful analytical tool.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.