Linganisha mbinu

	Crime Mapping	Crime Hot Spot Analysis
Nyanja	Criminology	Criminology
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2005	1995
Mwanzilishi	Rachel Boba Santos, Spencer Chainey & Jerry Ratcliffe (modern synthesis)	Lawrence Sherman & David Weisburd (policing); Arthur Getis & J. Keith Ord (statistic)
Aina	Geographic information analysis of crime locations	Spatial cluster detection for crime concentration
Chanzo asilia	Boba Santos, R. (2017). Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 9781506331034	Sherman, L. W., & Weisburd, D. (1995). General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime "hot spots": A randomized, controlled trial. Justice Quarterly, 12(4), 625–648.
Majina mbadala	Geographic Crime Analysis, Crime Cartography, GIS Crime Mapping, Spatial Crime Analysis	Hot Spot Mapping, Crime Hotspot Detection, Getis-Ord Gi* Crime Analysis, Spatial Cluster Analysis of Crime
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Crime mapping is the practice of geocoding crime incidents to their locations and using geographic information systems (GIS) to visualize and analyze where crime concentrates. It spans simple pin maps, area-based choropleth maps, and continuous density surfaces, and underpins the geographic side of modern crime analysis — from CompStat briefings to problem-oriented policing.	Crime hot spot analysis identifies the places where crime concentrates far more than chance — the small number of street segments, blocks, or addresses that account for a large share of incidents. Building on Sherman and Weisburd's landmark demonstration that crime clusters tightly in space and that patrolling those clusters deters offending, the method uses spatial statistics such as the Getis-Ord Gi* local statistic to separate genuine, statistically significant clusters from random noise and to classify each place as a hot spot, a cold spot, or neither.