Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Athari za Afya ya Akili za COVID-19	Kiwango cha Hofu ya Maambukizi ya COVID-19
Nyanja	Afya ya Umma	Afya ya Umma
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2020	2020
Mwanzilishi	Wang et al.	Ahorsu et al.
Aina	Self-report	Self-report
Chanzo asilia	Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729.	Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development, initial validation, and reliability testing. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(3), 1146–1159.
Majina mbadala	CMHIS	FCV-19S, Fear of COVID-19 Scale
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The COVID-19 Mental Health Impact Scale (CMHIS) is a brief, multidimensional instrument assessing anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Developed by Wang and colleagues in 2020 during the initial pandemic wave in China, it captures the spectrum of psychological distress across multiple symptom domains. The CMHIS has been widely adopted in pandemic surveillance and mental health research across 30+ countries, providing rapid assessment of population mental health burden.	The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a 7-item, self-report instrument assessing fear of COVID-19 infection across cognitive, emotional, and physiological domains. Developed by Ahorsu and colleagues in 2020, it measures threat perception, anxiety symptoms triggered by disease-related triggers, and avoidance behaviors. The FCV-19S has been translated into over 40 languages and validated across diverse populations, making it the most widely used pandemic-specific fear measure globally.