Linganisha mbinu

	Miongozo ya COPE kwa Maadili ya Uchapishaji	Vigezo vya Uandishi vya ICMJE
Nyanja	Maadili ya Uchapishaji	Maadili ya Uchapishaji
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1997	1978
Mwanzilishi	Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)
Aina	Standard	Standard
Chanzo asilia	Committee on Publication Ethics (2023). COPE Guidelines. COPE Website.	International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2023). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. ICMJE.
Majina mbadala	COPE, Publication Ethics Flowcharts, Editorial Guidelines	ICMJE Authorship, Authorship Guidelines
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), founded in 1997, is an international organization of journal editors and publishers that promotes and advances research integrity and publication ethics. COPE provides practical guidance through flowcharts, position statements, and ethical guidelines addressing misconduct (fabrication, falsification, plagiarism), authorship disputes, conflicts of interest, and corrections. COPE's resources are freely available and adopted by thousands of journals globally. COPE is not a regulator; it advises editors and researchers on handling ethical issues and promotes a culture of integrity in publishing.	The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) established the most widely adopted authorship standard in biomedical research in 1978. These criteria define who qualifies as an author and distinguish authors from contributors, establishing accountability and preventing disputes over publication credit. Used by over 10,000 journals globally, ICMJE authorship criteria form the foundation of authorship practices in medical, life science, and health-related research.