Linganisha mbinu

	Convoy Model Social Network Mapping	Kiwango cha UCLA cha Upweke
Nyanja	Social Gerontology	Saikolojia ya Kijamii
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1980	1978
Mwanzilishi	Robert L. Kahn & Toni C. Antonucci	Daniel Russell
Aina	Elicitation-and-coding pipeline for personal social networks across the life course	Subjective loneliness assessment scale
Chanzo asilia	Kahn, R. L., & Antonucci, T. C. (1980). Convoys over the life course: Attachment, roles, and social support. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 253-286). Academic Press.	Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20–40.
Majina mbadala	Social Convoy Model, Hierarchical Mapping Technique, Antonucci Convoy Mapping, Convoys Over the Life Course	UCLA LS, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Russell Loneliness Scale
Zinazohusiana	3	3
Muhtasari	The convoy model of social relations conceives of each person as moving through life surrounded by a 'convoy' of significant others who provide and receive social support. Introduced by Robert Kahn and Toni Antonucci in 1980, the model frames personal networks as dynamic structures shaped by stable attachments, changing social roles, and life-course transitions. Its signature elicitation tool is the hierarchical mapping technique, in which respondents place the people important to them into three concentric circles around a focal self, with the innermost circle reserved for those so close that life without them is hard to imagine. From this map an analyst codes the convoy's structure, composition, and the support functions its members serve, distinguishing aid, affection, and affirmation. The approach yields a person-centered, qualitative-plus-quantitative portrait of social embeddedness that complements count-based scales. It has become a foundational framework in gerontology and life-span developmental psychology for studying how relationships sustain well-being across aging.	The UCLA Loneliness Scale is a widely used instrument for measuring subjective feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Developed by Daniel Russell in the late 1970s, the scale measures the discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships. The UCLA LS has become the gold standard in loneliness research and is used across clinical, epidemiological, and social psychology studies worldwide.