Linganisha mbinu

	Kiwango cha Mapendeleo ya Udhibiti	Chombo cha Kuwezesha Mgonjwa (PEI)
Nyanja	Huduma Inayomlenga Mgonjwa	Huduma Inayomlenga Mgonjwa
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1997	1998
Mwanzilishi	Lois Degner	J. G. Howie
Aina	Patient-reported	Patient-reported
Chanzo asilia	Degner, L. F., Sloan, J. A., & Venkatesh, P. (1997). The Control Preferences Scale. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 29(3), 21-43.	Howie, J. G., Heaney, D. J., Maxwell, M., & Zwanenberg, D. (1998). A comparison of a Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) against two other consultations outcome measures. British Journal of General Practice, 48(427), 1211-1216.
Majina mbadala	Desired Role in Decision Making, Decision Role Preference	PEI, Patient Enablement Score
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	The Control Preferences Scale (CPS) is a five-item measure that assesses a patient's preferred role in healthcare decision making, ranging from a passive (physician-directed) to active (patient-directed) or shared approach. Developed by Lois Degner and colleagues in 1997, the CPS measures the degree of control patients wish to exercise in treatment decisions: whether they prefer to leave decisions to the clinician, collaborate with the clinician, or make the final decision themselves. The scale is widely used to understand patient preferences for decision-making involvement and to evaluate the alignment between preferred and actual roles.	The Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) is a brief, validated six-item questionnaire that measures the degree to which a clinical consultation leaves the patient feeling more capable of understanding and managing their health condition. Developed by Howie and colleagues in 1998, the PEI assesses whether the consultation helped the patient understand their problem, cope with their illness, and manage their health more effectively. The scale captures the empowering effect of good clinical practice and is widely used in general practice research, quality improvement, and studies evaluating patient-centered and collaborative consultation styles.