Linganisha mbinu

	Contingent Valuation Method	Njia ya Tathmini ya Hali (Contingent Valuation Method)
Nyanja	Uchumi	Uchumi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1963	1963
Mwanzilishi	Robert K. Davis (early use); methodology codified by the NOAA panel	Robert Davis
Aina	Survey-based stated-preference valuation method	Stated preference valuation method
Chanzo asilia	Hanemann, W. M. (1994). Valuing the environment through contingent valuation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(4), 19–43.	Mitchell, R. C., & Carson, R. T. (1989). Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resources for the Future.
Majina mbadala	CVM, Stated-Preference Valuation, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, Survey-Based Non-Market Valuation	CVM, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, WTP Elicitation
Zinazohusiana	2	3
Muhtasari	The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a survey-based stated-preference technique for estimating the economic value people place on goods that are not traded in markets — clean air, an endangered species, a wilderness area, the existence of a natural resource. Respondents are presented with a carefully constructed hypothetical scenario and asked how much they would be willing to pay for a described change in provision; their answers are used to estimate mean or median willingness to pay, including non-use (existence) values that no market reveals.	Contingent Valuation (CVM), developed by Robert Davis in the 1960s, is a survey-based method for estimating the economic value of non-market environmental goods and services—such as wilderness preservation, air quality, or species protection—by directly asking people their willingness to pay (WTP) for specified improvements or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for losses. It provides a valuation where market prices do not exist.