Linganisha mbinu

	Constructive Technology Assessment	Technology Foresight
Nyanja	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1995	1995
Mwanzilishi	Arie Rip & Johan Schot (Dutch CTA tradition)	Ben R. Martin, Irene Miles, and the UK/Japanese foresight programmes
Aina	Co-evolutionary technology-shaping process	Participatory future-oriented strategic process
Chanzo asilia	Schot, J., & Rip, A. (1997). The past and future of constructive technology assessment. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 54(2-3), 251-268.	Martin, B. R. (1995). Foresight in science and technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 7(2), 139-168.
Majina mbadala	CTA, Constructive TA, Co-evolutionary technology assessment	Foresight studies, Strategic technology forecasting, Future-oriented technology analysis
Zinazohusiana	4	4
Muhtasari	Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) is an approach to assessing technology that seeks to influence its design and development, not merely to forecast its impacts after the fact. By broadening the design process to feed societal aspects back to engineers and decision-makers early—while the technology is still malleable—CTA aims to manage the co-evolution of technology and society and to soften the Collingridge dilemma, the bind in which a technology's effects are easy to change before they are known and hard to change once they are.	Technology foresight is a systematic, participatory process of looking into the longer-term future of science, technology, the economy, and society in order to identify the areas of strategic research and the emerging generic technologies likely to yield the greatest economic and social benefits. Rather than predicting a single future, it brings experts and stakeholders together to explore plausible futures, build shared visions, and translate them into present-day priorities and action.