Linganisha mbinu
Pitia mbinu ulizochagua bega kwa bega; safu zinazotofautiana zinaangaziwa.
| Kijarida cha Mawazo ya Hujuma× | Kiwango cha Uvumilivu wa Mpiga Kura× | |
|---|---|---|
| Nyanja | Saikolojia ya Siasa | Saikolojia ya Siasa |
| Familia | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Mwaka wa asili≠ | 2013 | 1960 |
| Mwanzilishi≠ | Roland Imhoff & Marko Bruder | Angus Campbell et al. |
| Aina | Self-report | Self-report |
| Chanzo asilia≠ | Bruder, M., Haffke, P., Neave, N., Nouripanah, N., & Imhoff, R. (2013). Measuring individual differences in generic beliefs in conspiracy: Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 225. DOI ↗ | Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons. link ↗ |
| Majina mbadala | CMQ, Conspiracy Ideation Scale, Generic Conspiracy Belief | PCS, Political Efficacy Cynicism, Electoral System Cynicism |
| Zinazohusiana | 3 | 3 |
| Muhtasari≠ | The Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire measures individual differences in generic conspiracy thinking—the tendency to attribute significant events to hidden, coordinated group actions by powerful actors rather than to incompetence, chance, or transparent public causes. Developed by Bruder et al. (2013), the five-item CMQ assesses a stable dispositional trait that predicts belief in diverse conspiracy theories (JFK assassination, 9/11 truthers, anti-vaccine narratives, QAnon) and distrust of institutions. It captures conspiracy mentality as a generalised political attitude distinct from specific beliefs. | The Voter Cynicism Scale measures citizen skepticism and disillusionment regarding the political process, including beliefs that the electoral system is rigged, politicians are self-serving, and voting does not matter. The measure captures a pessimistic orientation toward electoral democracy distinct from distrust in institutions (which can coexist with belief in democratic potential) or political alienation. Rooted in Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960) tradition of measuring political efficacy and cynicism, the scale remains central to understanding voter turnout decline, support for populist alternatives, and democratic legitimacy crises. |
| ScholarGateSeti ya data ↗ |
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