Linganisha mbinu

	Kielelezo cha Hali	Regressioni ya Mtepe
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ujifunzaji wa Mashine
Familia	Regression model	Machine learning
Mwaka wa asili	1980	1970
Mwanzilishi	Belsley, Kuh & Welsch	Hoerl, A.E. & Kennard, R.W.
Aina	Collinearity diagnostic index	L2-regularized linear regression
Chanzo asilia	Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. (1980). Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-05856-4	Hoerl, A.E. & Kennard, R.W. (1970). Ridge Regression: Biased Estimation for Nonorthogonal Problems. Technometrics, 12(1), 55–67.
Majina mbadala	Belsley Condition Index, Collinearity Condition Index, Singular Value Condition Index, Koşul İndeksi	Ridge Regresyonu, ridge regresyonu, L2-regularized regression, Tikhonov regularization
Zinazohusiana	2	4
Muhtasari	The Condition Index, introduced by Belsley, Kuh, and Welsch (1980), is a scalar measure derived from singular value decomposition of the scaled regressor matrix. It quantifies the degree of near-linear dependence among predictors in ordinary least squares regression, enabling analysts to detect collinearity that inflates coefficient variance and destabilises parameter estimates. Widely used in economics, social sciences, and biomedical research wherever OLS regression is applied.	Ridge Regression is an L2-regularized linear regression method, introduced by Arthur Hoerl and Robert Kennard in 1970, that reduces multicollinearity by adding a penalty on the size of the coefficients. It shrinks coefficients toward zero without setting any of them exactly to zero, producing more stable estimates when predictors are highly correlated.