Linganisha mbinu

	Mbinu Mchanganyiko Sambamba Zinazozingatia Kesi	Muundo wa Mbinu Mbalimbali za Njia-Nyingi
Nyanja	Muundo wa Utafiti	Muundo wa Utafiti
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	2000s–2010s (formalized in Creswell & Plano Clark 2011, 2018)	Late 1990s–2000s
Mwanzilishi	Creswell & Plano Clark (mixed methods typology); Yin (case study methods)	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark
Aina	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
Chanzo asilia	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage.	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829
Majina mbadala	concurrent case study mixed methods, parallel case-focused mixed design, simultaneous case mixed methods, case-embedded concurrent mixed design	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods
Zinazohusiana	6	5
Muhtasari	Concurrent case-focused mixed methods is a research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected simultaneously — rather than in sequence — and both strands are anchored within one or more bounded cases (e.g., a school, a program, a community, or an organisation). The two data strands are analyzed separately, then merged or compared to produce a fuller, case-grounded understanding than either strand could yield alone.	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.