Linganisha mbinu

	Uthibitisho wa dhana katika Upimaji unaobadilika kwa kompyuta (CAT)	Uchanganuzi wa Kimfumo wa Uhakiki (CFA)
Nyanja	Saikometriki	Saikometriki
Familia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	1989–2000s	1969
Mwanzilishi	Samuel Messick (unified validity framework); CAT application formalized by Wainer, van der Linden, and colleagues	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
Aina	Validity evaluation / psychometric evidence gathering	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
Chanzo asilia	Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational Measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13–103). American Council on Education / Macmillan.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
Majina mbadala	CAT construct validity, adaptive test construct validation, CAT validity evidence, construct validity evidence in CAT	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
Zinazohusiana	6	4
Muhtasari	Construct validity in computerized adaptive testing evaluates whether the latent trait estimates produced by a CAT instrument genuinely measure the intended psychological or educational construct. Because adaptive algorithms select items individually for each examinee, the validity evidence gathered must account for the variable item exposure and the IRT-based scoring that are unique to CAT administrations.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.