Linganisha mbinu

	Uthibitisho wa dhana katika Upimaji unaobadilika kwa kompyuta (CAT)	Uthabiti wa Upimaji wa Vipimo vya Kompyuta vinavyobadilika
Nyanja	Saikometriki	Saikometriki
Familia	Latent structure	Latent structure
Mwaka wa asili	1989–2000s	1990s–2000s
Mwanzilishi	Samuel Messick (unified validity framework); CAT application formalized by Wainer, van der Linden, and colleagues	Building on Meredith (1993) for invariance and Lord (1980) for adaptive testing
Aina	Validity evaluation / psychometric evidence gathering	Measurement equivalence testing in adaptive testing contexts
Chanzo asilia	Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational Measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13–103). American Council on Education / Macmillan.	Millsap, R. E. (2011). Statistical Approaches to Measurement Invariance. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0805864946
Majina mbadala	CAT construct validity, adaptive test construct validation, CAT validity evidence, construct validity evidence in CAT	CAT measurement invariance, adaptive test invariance, CAT MI, measurement equivalence in CAT
Zinazohusiana	6	6
Muhtasari	Construct validity in computerized adaptive testing evaluates whether the latent trait estimates produced by a CAT instrument genuinely measure the intended psychological or educational construct. Because adaptive algorithms select items individually for each examinee, the validity evidence gathered must account for the variable item exposure and the IRT-based scoring that are unique to CAT administrations.	Computerized adaptive test measurement invariance evaluates whether a CAT instrument measures the same latent construct with the same psychometric properties across different groups (e.g., gender, language, clinical vs. community) or time points. It combines IRT-based adaptive test frameworks with measurement equivalence testing to ensure fair and comparable score interpretation.