Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti Linganishi wa Kesi Nyingi	Uchanganuzi wa kiutamaduni kulinganishi
Nyanja	Mbinu za Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Kimaelezo
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1984 (Yin); 2006 (Stake multiple-case analysis)	1987–1995 (systematic comparative ethnography formalized)
Mwanzilishi	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake	George E. Marcus (multi-sited formulation); Charles C. Ragin (comparative logic)
Aina	Qualitative comparative research design	Qualitative comparative research design
Chanzo asilia	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Marcus, G. E. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.
Majina mbadala	multi-site case study, cross-case analysis, comparative case research, multi-case comparative design	multi-sited ethnography, cross-site ethnography, comparative field research, comparative participant observation
Zinazohusiana	5	6
Muhtasari	Comparative multiple case study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are studied in depth and then systematically compared to identify patterns, contrasts, and transferable findings. Rooted in Robert Yin's case study methodology and Robert Stake's multiple-case analysis framework, it combines the rich contextual insight of single-case work with the analytical leverage gained by examining how phenomena unfold similarly or differently across distinct settings.	Comparative ethnography is a qualitative research design that conducts in-depth ethnographic fieldwork across two or more sites, groups, communities, or cultural settings in order to generate systematic comparisons. Rather than describing a single community in isolation, it traces similarities, differences, and interconnections across cases, producing theoretically grounded insights that no single site could yield alone.